How photobiomodulation works
Photobiomodulation (PBM) exposes tissue to selected wavelengths of red and near-infrared light. It is noninvasive and does not rely on thermal injury.
Kevin Stepp, MD, FACOG, URPS — a double board-certified urogynecologist dual-fellowship trained at the Cleveland Clinic — integrates photobiomodulation into perioperative and intimate restoration protocols at Advanced Pelvic Surgery and Urogynecology of Charlotte, 11210 Golf Links Dr North, #100, Charlotte, NC 28277.
The mitochondrial mechanism
Mitochondria generate much of the energy cells use for normal activity and repair.
When specific wavelengths of red (650nm) and near-infrared (850nm) light penetrate the tissue, they are absorbed by an enzyme in the mitochondria called Cytochrome C Oxidase. This interaction displaces nitric oxide (which often impairs mitochondrial function during stress or injury) and allows oxygen back in.
This interaction may increase production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and influence processes involved in inflammation and tissue repair. Clinical response varies by condition, device, dose, and treatment schedule.
ATP
Cellular Energy
Surgical Applications
Use around pelvic surgery
Dr. Stepp may include PBM as a supportive adjunct before or after selected vaginal or vulvar procedures. It does not replace surgical technique, routine wound care, or evaluation of a recovery concern.
Post-Operative Inflammation
Following procedures such as labiaplasty or vaginoplasty, PBM may be used to support the local inflammatory response and recovery comfort.
Wound Healing & Angiogenesis
Laboratory and clinical research suggests PBM can influence fibroblast activity and microcirculation. Whether it is appropriate after surgery depends on the procedure and stage of healing.
At-home red light therapy
Wavelength, power density, treatment time, and device design affect the delivered dose. Dr. Stepp can discuss whether an at-home device is appropriate and how it should be used.
vFit® PLUS & Photonic Gel™
The vFit® PLUS Intimate Health Device combines red light (662 nm), gentle thermal energy, and vibration for at-home use. Patients should follow the device instructions and the treatment schedule recommended for them.
For comfort and device performance, the vFit PLUS is used in tandem with Photonic Gel™—an ultra-concentrated, water-based serum designed to increase light transmission while providing hydration through Hyaluronic Acid and Aloe Vera.
For patients pursuing a multi-modal approach, photobiomodulation may also be coordinated with VliftCO2 Therapy or other regenerative biology treatments when each component has a clear purpose.
Red Light Therapy Consultation
Ask whether photobiomodulation fits your plan
Discuss whether an at-home photobiomodulation protocol is the right addition to your surgical plan or systemic wellness regimen during your consultation.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common Patient Questions
What is red light therapy (photobiomodulation) and how does it work?
Red light therapy, also called photobiomodulation (PBM), uses specific wavelengths of red and near-infrared light. The light is absorbed by cellular structures involved in energy production and may influence inflammation and tissue repair. APSU may use photobiomodulation as an adjunct to a broader treatment or recovery plan.
Is red light therapy safe for intimate areas?
Red light therapy is non-ionizing and does not create the controlled thermal injury produced by a laser. Appropriate device settings and candidacy still matter, especially for vulvovaginal or perineal use. A clinician reviews the treatment area, health history, and goals before recommending a protocol.
How many red light therapy sessions are needed?
The number and timing of sessions depend on the device, treatment goal, and whether red light therapy is being used alone or around another procedure. The clinician will recommend a schedule after evaluation rather than assuming one protocol fits every patient.
Can red light therapy help with GSM symptoms?
Photobiomodulation may be considered as an adjunct for some vulvovaginal tissue concerns, but it is not a substitute for evaluating the cause of dryness, irritation, pain, or other GSM symptoms. Treatment may also include local hormone therapy, moisturizers, pelvic floor care, or another option based on the patient's history and goals.
How does red light therapy compare to laser vaginal rejuvenation?
Laser treatment creates controlled thermal effects in tissue. Red light therapy is nonthermal photobiomodulation. They are different treatments and are not interchangeable; either may be considered alone or as part of a coordinated plan depending on the diagnosis, tissue condition, and treatment goal.