.surgical-essay :where(*){margin:revert;padding:revert}.surgical-essay ul{list-style:revert}
.surgical-essay{
      --ink: #17232d;
      --navy: #0d2231;
      --navy-soft: #17384b;
      --teal: #167a7e;
      --teal-pale: #eaf4f3;
      --gold: #c79a55;
      --paper: #fffefd;
      --mist: #f2f5f5;
      --line: #d9e1e2;
      --muted: #64727b;
      --serif: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
      --sans: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
.surgical-essay *{ box-sizing: border-box; }
.surgical-essay{ scroll-behavior: smooth; }
.surgical-essay{
      margin: 0;
      color: var(--ink);
      background: var(--mist);
      font-family: var(--serif);
      font-size: 18px;
      line-height: 1.72;
      text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
    }
.surgical-essay img{ display: block; max-width: 100%; }
.surgical-essay a{ color: var(--teal); text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.surgical-essay a:hover{ color: var(--navy); }
.surgical-essay .hero{
      position: relative;
      min-height: clamp(560px, 72vw, 790px);
      display: grid;
      align-items: end;
      overflow: hidden;
      background: #07101a;
      isolation: isolate;
    }
.surgical-essay .hero::before{
      content: "";
      position: absolute;
      inset: 0;
      z-index: -2;
      background: #07101a;
    }
.surgical-essay .hero-image{
      position: absolute;
      inset: 0;
      z-index: -2;
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      max-width: none;
      object-fit: cover;
      object-position: center center;
    }
.surgical-essay .hero::after{
      content: "";
      position: absolute;
      inset: 0;
      z-index: -1;
      background:
        linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(3, 10, 17, .97) 0%, rgba(3, 10, 17, .86) 31%, rgba(3, 10, 17, .28) 59%, rgba(3, 10, 17, .12) 100%),
        linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(3, 10, 17, .76) 0%, transparent 43%);
    }
.surgical-essay .hero-inner{
      width: min(1200px, calc(100% - 48px));
      margin: 0 auto;
      padding: 78px 0 68px;
    }
.surgical-essay .eyebrow{
      margin: 0 0 18px;
      color: #9ed6d3;
      font: 700 .72rem/1.2 var(--sans);
      letter-spacing: .18em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
    }
.surgical-essay h1{
      max-width: 710px;
      margin: 0;
      color: #fff;
      font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 5.6vw, 5.25rem);
      font-weight: 500;
      line-height: .98;
      letter-spacing: -.045em;
      text-wrap: balance;
    }
.surgical-essay .dek{
      max-width: 700px;
      margin: 27px 0 0;
      color: #dbe4e7;
      font: 400 clamp(1.03rem, 1.65vw, 1.28rem)/1.5 var(--sans);
      text-wrap: pretty;
    }
.surgical-essay .byline{
      display: flex;
      gap: 12px 24px;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      margin-top: 30px;
      color: #f7f4ee;
      font: 600 .82rem/1.4 var(--sans);
      letter-spacing: .03em;
    }
.surgical-essay .byline span + span{ color: #aebdc4; font-weight: 400; }
.surgical-essay .page{
      width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px));
      margin: -2px auto 72px;
      position: relative;
      z-index: 2;
    }
.surgical-essay .article-shell{
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 760px) 280px;
      gap: 62px;
      justify-content: center;
      padding: 72px 76px 78px;
      background: var(--paper);
      box-shadow: 0 22px 70px rgba(16, 34, 45, .11);
    }
.surgical-essay article{ min-width: 0; }
.surgical-essay article > p{ margin: 0 0 1.22em; }
.surgical-essay article > p:first-child::first-letter{
      float: left;
      margin: .1em .12em 0 0;
      color: var(--teal);
      font-size: 4.2rem;
      font-weight: 600;
      line-height: .78;
    }
.surgical-essay h2{
      margin: 3.1rem 0 1.18rem;
      padding-top: 1.6rem;
      border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
      color: var(--navy);
      font: 700 clamp(1.5rem, 2.7vw, 2.05rem)/1.15 var(--sans);
      letter-spacing: -.025em;
      text-wrap: balance;
    }
.surgical-essay h2 .number{
      display: block;
      margin-bottom: .6rem;
      color: var(--teal);
      font-size: .66rem;
      letter-spacing: .18em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
    }
.surgical-essay .panel{
      margin: 2.1rem 0 2.35rem;
      padding: 1.6rem 1.7rem 1.45rem;
      border-left: 5px solid var(--teal);
      background: var(--teal-pale);
    }
.surgical-essay .panel-label{
      margin: 0 0 .7rem;
      color: var(--teal);
      font: 800 .66rem/1.2 var(--sans);
      letter-spacing: .16em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
    }
.surgical-essay .panel p{ margin: 0; font-size: 1.04rem; line-height: 1.58; }
.surgical-essay .rail{ font-family: var(--sans); }
.surgical-essay .rail-inner{ position: sticky; top: 30px; }
.surgical-essay .rail-card{
      margin-bottom: 24px;
      padding: 22px 22px 20px;
      border-top: 4px solid var(--gold);
      background: #f6f4ef;
    }
.surgical-essay .rail-kicker{
      margin: 0 0 9px;
      color: #91703c;
      font-size: .64rem;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: .16em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
    }
.surgical-essay .rail-card p{
      margin: 0;
      color: #32434d;
      font-size: .83rem;
      line-height: 1.55;
    }
.surgical-essay .rail-quote{
      margin: 26px 0;
      padding: 3px 0 3px 21px;
      border-left: 2px solid var(--teal);
      color: var(--navy);
      font: 600 1.2rem/1.42 var(--serif);
    }
.surgical-essay .rail-nav{
      padding: 4px 0 0;
      border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    }
.surgical-essay .rail-nav strong{
      display: block;
      margin: 18px 0 10px;
      color: var(--muted);
      font-size: .63rem;
      letter-spacing: .15em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
    }
.surgical-essay .rail-nav a{
      display: block;
      padding: 7px 0;
      color: var(--navy-soft);
      font-size: .75rem;
      line-height: 1.3;
      text-decoration: none;
    }
.surgical-essay .rail-nav a:hover{ color: var(--teal); }
.surgical-essay .sources{
      grid-column: 1 / -1;
      margin-top: 5px;
      padding-top: 36px;
      border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    }
.surgical-essay .sources h2{ margin: 0 0 20px; padding: 0; border: 0; font-size: 1.35rem; }
.surgical-essay .sources ol{
      columns: 2;
      column-gap: 52px;
      margin: 0;
      padding-left: 1.25rem;
      font-family: var(--sans);
    }
.surgical-essay .sources li{
      break-inside: avoid;
      margin: 0 0 1rem;
      padding-left: .25rem;
      color: #52616a;
      font-size: .73rem;
      line-height: 1.55;
    }
.surgical-essay .disclosure{
      grid-column: 1 / -1;
      margin-top: 24px;
      padding: 22px 26px;
      border: 1px solid var(--line);
      color: #52616a;
      background: #fafbfa;
      font: .76rem/1.55 var(--sans);
    }
.surgical-essay .disclosure strong{ color: var(--navy); }
@media  (max-width: 920px) {.surgical-essay .hero{ min-height: 680px; }
.surgical-essay .hero-image{ object-position: 61% center; }
.surgical-essay .hero::after{
        background:
          linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(3,10,17,.94) 0%, rgba(3,10,17,.7) 48%, rgba(3,10,17,.16) 100%),
          linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(3,10,17,.84) 0%, rgba(3,10,17,.12) 65%);
      }
.surgical-essay .article-shell{ grid-template-columns: 1fr; padding: 58px 48px 62px; }
.surgical-essay .rail{ grid-row: 2; }
.surgical-essay .rail-inner{ position: static; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 22px; }
.surgical-essay .rail-nav{ display: none; }
.surgical-essay .sources{ grid-column: 1; }}
@media  (max-width: 620px) {.surgical-essay{ font-size: 17px; }
.surgical-essay .hero{ min-height: 0; display: block; }
.surgical-essay .hero-image{
        height: clamp(230px, 64vw, 285px);
        object-position: right center;
      }
.surgical-essay .hero::after{
        background: linear-gradient(
          180deg,
          rgba(3,10,17,.02) 0,
          rgba(3,10,17,.08) 175px,
          rgba(3,10,17,.92) 245px,
          #07101a 290px,
          #07101a 100%
        );
      }
.surgical-essay .hero-inner{
        width: min(100% - 32px, 1200px);
        padding: calc(clamp(230px, 64vw, 285px) + 24px) 0 40px;
      }
.surgical-essay h1{ font-size: clamp(2.55rem, 12vw, 3.6rem); }
.surgical-essay .dek{ font-size: .98rem; }
.surgical-essay .page{ width: 100%; margin-bottom: 0; }
.surgical-essay .article-shell{ padding: 44px 22px 52px; box-shadow: none; }
.surgical-essay .rail-inner{ grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
.surgical-essay .sources ol{ columns: 1; }
.surgical-essay .panel{ margin-inline: -4px; padding: 1.35rem 1.2rem; }}
@media  print {.surgical-essay{ background: #fff; font-size: 11pt; }
.surgical-essay .hero{ min-height: 5.4in; break-after: page; }
.surgical-essay .hero-inner{ padding-inline: .4in; }
.surgical-essay .page{ width: 100%; margin: 0; }
.surgical-essay .article-shell{ display: block; padding: .55in .7in; box-shadow: none; }
.surgical-essay .rail{ display: none; }
.surgical-essay h2{ break-after: avoid; }
.surgical-essay .panel,.surgical-essay .sources li{ break-inside: avoid; }}
.surgical-essay .hero-image{ object-position: center 12%; }
.surgical-essay .hero::after{
      background:
        linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(3, 10, 17, .98) 0%, rgba(3, 10, 17, .93) 34%, rgba(3, 10, 17, .62) 52%, rgba(3, 10, 17, .08) 74%, rgba(3, 10, 17, 0) 100%),
        linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(3, 10, 17, .42) 0%, rgba(3, 10, 17, 0) 46%);
    }
.surgical-essay h1{ max-width: 760px; font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 5vw, 4.5rem); }
.surgical-essay article > section:first-child h2{ margin-top: 0; padding-top: 0; border-top: 0; }
.surgical-essay article > section:first-child > p:first-of-type::first-letter{
      float: left;
      margin: .1em .12em 0 0;
      color: var(--teal);
      font-size: 4.2rem;
      font-weight: 600;
      line-height: .78;
    }
.surgical-essay .quote{
      margin: 2.1rem 0 2.35rem;
      padding: .25rem 0 .25rem 1.5rem;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--gold);
      color: var(--navy);
    }
.surgical-essay .quote p{ margin: 0; font: 600 1.2rem/1.5 var(--serif); }
.surgical-essay .quote cite{
      display: block;
      margin-top: .85rem;
      color: var(--muted);
      font: 700 .64rem/1.3 var(--sans);
      letter-spacing: .15em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
    }
.surgical-essay .panel p{ font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy); }
.surgical-essay .figure{ margin: 2.5rem 0 2.6rem; }
.surgical-essay .figure img{ width: 100%; height: auto; }
.surgical-essay article section > p.note{
      margin: 2.6rem 0 0;
      padding: 20px 24px;
      border: 1px solid var(--line);
      color: #52616a;
      background: #fafbfa;
      font: .8rem/1.6 var(--sans);
    }
.surgical-essay .note strong{ color: var(--navy); }
.surgical-essay .sidebar{
      grid-column: 1 / -1;
      padding: 34px 38px 30px;
      border-left: 5px solid var(--teal);
      background: var(--teal-pale);
      font-family: var(--sans);
    }
.surgical-essay .sidebar h2{ margin: 0 0 .7rem; padding: 0; border: 0; font-size: 1.35rem; }
.surgical-essay .sidebar > p:not(.panel-label){ max-width: 780px; margin: 0 0 1.3rem; color: #32434d; font-size: .84rem; line-height: 1.55; }
.surgical-essay .levels{ width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: .84rem; line-height: 1.5; }
.surgical-essay .levels thead th{
      padding: 0 16px 10px 0;
      border-bottom: 2px solid var(--teal);
      color: var(--teal);
      font-size: .63rem;
      letter-spacing: .15em;
      text-align: left;
      text-transform: uppercase;
    }
.surgical-essay .levels tbody th,.surgical-essay .levels td{ padding: 12px 16px 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #cddedd; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; }
.surgical-essay .levels tbody th{ width: 27%; color: var(--navy); font-weight: 700; }
.surgical-essay .levels td{ color: #32434d; }
.surgical-essay .levels tbody tr:last-child th,.surgical-essay .levels tbody tr:last-child td{ border-bottom: 0; }
.surgical-essay .sources{ margin-top: 0; }
@media  (max-width: 920px) {.surgical-essay .hero-image{ object-position: 58% 12%; }
.surgical-essay .hero::after{
        background: linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(3,10,17,.98) 0%, rgba(3,10,17,.9) 40%, rgba(3,10,17,.5) 58%, rgba(3,10,17,.05) 80%);
      }
.surgical-essay .sidebar{ grid-column: 1; }}
@media  (max-width: 620px) {.surgical-essay .hero-image{ object-position: 60% 30%; }
.surgical-essay .hero::after{
        background: linear-gradient(
          180deg,
          rgba(3,10,17,.02) 0,
          rgba(3,10,17,.08) 175px,
          rgba(3,10,17,.92) 245px,
          #07101a 290px,
          #07101a 100%
        );
      }
.surgical-essay h1{ font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 10.4vw, 3.2rem); }
.surgical-essay .sidebar{ padding: 26px 20px 22px; margin-inline: -4px; }
.surgical-essay .levels tbody th{ width: 34%; }
.surgical-essay .quote{ padding-left: 1.1rem; }}
@media  print {.surgical-essay .figure,.surgical-essay .sidebar,.surgical-essay .note,.surgical-essay .quote{ break-inside: avoid; }}
.surgical-essay a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #b37c27;outline-offset:4px}
.surgical-essay .essay-body a{color:#17232d;text-decoration:underline}
.surgical-essay .essay-body a:hover{color:#17232d}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.surgical-essay{scroll-behavior:auto}
.surgical-essay *,.surgical-essay *::before,.surgical-essay *::after{animation:none!important;transition:none!important}}
.surgical-essay [id]{scroll-margin-top:150px}.surgical-essay .rail-inner{top:150px}

/* Retain the approved hero deck color against shared inverse detection. */
#main-content .surgical-essay .dek{color:#dbe4e7!important}